Islam is a full code of conduct of life and it was completed by prophet Mohammad (PHUB) during his period within his alive. He said what I am teaching and ordering you to follow, just follow my lessons and learn these lessons, you can't do and you don't need to do these what I am doing beyond my teaching e.g. Meditate in cave, prophet went to visit heaven, sky, living place of Allah, etc. If people start expecting or doing prayer seeking an opportunity to see and talk Angels, to meet with Allah and to visit heaven, these will be completely illegal, Haram, because prophet did these but he didn't say to do these for his followers called Muslims future. Though he said some new circumstances will come to you (Muslim Ummah-Muslims in the world), then you can bring reform consisting Islamic practices with global orders remaining fundamental principles of Quran and Hadith.
However, Salah-prayer is recently going in many countries like Morocco, France, Germany, Kerala in India, USA, UK, China, Denmark, Canada, South Africa, Spain, etc under female imam's leadership (Google.com-Wikipedia). Even male female mixed congregation are performing prayers under female imam's leadership. Many Muslims, activists of Islam are now arguing that it is update version of Islam based on modernization considering present modern era where women rights are equal, no discrimination based on gender.
On the other hand, most of the Islamic scholars are differing allowing female imam for mixed congregation male female in prayer except only female congregation stating that there was no practice during prophet time and he didn't say to lead prayer by female imam but he said women can perform their prayer in Mosque making separate congregation with appropriate veil, hijab-wearing cover dress, under male imam and women also can perform their prayer under female imam where it was practiced female imam stands same level of middle position with others in the first congregation. It is noted more 95% mosques in Saudi Arabia are facilitated for separate congregation of women with male. In Hadith it is seen Ayesha, prophet's wife, led prayer for women as a female imam and a male imam, slave of them, led also prayer for women congregation. Prophet always inspired women coming mosques and performed prayer making segregated female congregation under his leadership. Even he said don't resist women entering mosque even in night for prayers.
Moreover, Scholars are arguing that creating a extra or new practice which isn't consistent with basic of Islam is illegal called Bidath. Prophet said performing prayer at home for women is better than mosque. Islam focused more on women's veil and safety. Even Islam orders male to protect your eyes from noticing female. In addition, prayer congregation is made by standing one shoulder with others. Imam is treated under Islam is the leader of the society where prophet suggested male always will be leader as they have to understand everything of society based on male's availability to access in everywhere and strengthen to face hurdles considering that women will hold always safe and soft positions by the gift or special blessing of Allah -God despite having their equal rights, honour with male but Islam generally doesn’t prescribe same rights for women like male E.g. leading war, etc. Moreover, Prophet ordered to perform Salah very sincerely without diverting concentration anywhere, even small verse is allowed to leave the Saytan during the time of prayer and prayer isn't allowed in front of any picture. According to medical science concentration will be broken standing toughing with female shoulder in mixed male female congregation in prayer. Prophet also didn't allow women in any hard work even battle field, governor of the state, etc though women were capable of doing these during that time, E.g. women Mrs Hind Bint Utbah of opposition of prophet tookpart in battle field and killed prophet's companion Mr Hamza and she also tookpart discussion of state policies with her husband, fathers, others. On other hand, due to present era's modernization, women are able to lead war working military, politics, and other job sectors maintaining veil but performing religious roles holding position must be followed by Prophet's precised standard. Many religious scholars have argued Prophet didn't take women in battle field despite their desire and capability because he wanted to uphold Islam's dignity stating that in order to get heaven under Islam women don't need to do war having high risk of life and hard work earning money/food for livelihood, etc because women were used largely in Arab during the time under barbarism by the name of other religion e.g. women were sold as slave during that time and had no hornour and dignity in the society. Following these, Allah said through Prophet and Quran that women are equally honoured like male and they don't need to perform like male e.g earning money for family instead God Allah introduces this for male as mandatory called Faroz escaping women's burden. But if women want to earn money, Prophet under Islam permits it stating that women can spend her earning money with her desire and her husband can't force spending this money for his necessary and other purposes without her permission.
On the other hand, few Islamic scholars like Dr. Shabir Ally, Canadian imam, are suggesting female can be allowed in very crucial circumstances. In present modern era, women in Muslim countries are also working in all sectors including commando, pilot in military, politicians -President -Prime Minister, officials, judiciary, Islamic preacher, Islamic scholars- professor, media, films, train driver and so on under moderate Islamic society maintaining almost update rules of Islam. Generally, female imam is allowed leading prayer for women congregation. Following this, they can run women mosque separately with male mosques for teaching Islam to women.
Mr Alley suggested female imam can lead prayer for allowed people for her by Islamic rule like family members and near relatives with mixed male female congregation where a female is highly qualified on Islamic knowledge comparing others. Though amending the Islamic rules doesn't depend on women quality or capability but it can be allowed like this another circumstances where there is no better Islamic imam or scholar like country China, Cuba, North Korea, etc. If a female imam start leading prayer and preaching Islam to non Muslim in North Korea, Cuba and people start converting themselves accepting Islam under female imam, it will be allowed under Islam according to Quran and Hadith based on positive role for Islam. When male imam is available to be imam, then female imam must leave the job of imam. In addition, female imam scholar can draft Khutbah of Jumah in any areas in the world if male imam isn't competent based on the demand of the society, country, and issues and male imam can represent her drafted Khutbah in Jumah prayer or she only will represent the Khutbah of Jumah during prayer maintaining veil. If people are attracted and despareted gathering mosques for prayer due to female imam's especial quality on Islamic knowledge, nice recitation, in that areas where Muslims don't like to perform prayer in Mosques due to allegation of non-attractive male imams based on his Islamic knowledge, female qualified attractive imam can be allowed where women 1st congregation will be made by a female imam standing same level with other women and males will also make only male congregation as well as behind other women congregation avoiding mixed shoulder female male congregation standing beside. It is noted a companion of Islam was attacked to his leg by an attacker through arrow bow during the time of prayer but he didn't break his prayer due to high concentration towards Allah. It is mentioned focusing importance of the concentration towards Allah performing Salah to be accepted by Allah.
However, although women are leading country holding PM, ministers, other officials maintaining veil under Islam but mandatory Salah for five times always performed by male imam with women separate congregation in a mosque during prophet Mohammad (PHUB) sincerely avoiding any difficulties of acceptance of Salah towards Allah despite Ayesha (R)'s special quality of Islam. Even one day Prophet was sick and ordered Abu Bakkar to lead the prayer Salah but Ayesha discorded stating my father is old man he can't do this but Prophet didn't suggest Ayesha to lead the prayer rather he reiterated Abu Bakkar must do this, finally he did successfully. Therefore, Islamic scholars are divided here allowing female imam for prayer absolutely but it can be allowed considering circumstances under Islamic amend version based on society's demand preserving fundamental principles of Quran and Hadith.
